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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people with ADHD are prescribed medication for the condition. It can improve symptoms but it also can cause side effects. Consult your physician in the event of any adverse reactions. Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed type of prescription medication healthcare doctors prescribe to treat ADHD. These medications increase the levels of brain chemicals referred to as neurotransmitters, which control the attention span and behavior. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant of first choice used to treat ADHD in children and adults. It is a stimulant that increases activity in certain parts of the brain that assist manage attention and behaviour. Methylphenidate may also be used to treat other ailments such as narcolepsy. It may help people with Narcolepsy to stay awake throughout the day and improve their ability to focus and pay attention. This medication has a very high potential for abuse and is classified as a Schedule II drug in the US Drug Enforcement Agency. The medication is taken exactly as prescribed to reduce the risk of abuse and side effects. Methylphenidate can trigger psychotic symptoms in a few people. It can also cause worse the behavior and tics of people with Tourette syndrome or bipolar disorder. People suffering from these conditions should tell their doctor before starting this medication. Consult your physician if there are any other health issues or if you are allergic to dyes or foods. (For example, tartrazine is a yellow dye that can be found in some processed food as well as in some medications. If you're on Adhansia, XR). Methylphenidate is a drug that can interact with other medications, such as opioid medicines, antidepressants, and monoamine oxide inhibitors, such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), linezolid (Zyvox), methylene blue, phenelzine (Nardil) or rasagiline (Azilect) selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), or tranylcypromine (Parnate). Avoid alcohol and other stimulant substances while taking methylphenidate. These can have a dangerous impact on your blood pressure or heart rate. The methylphenidate tablets that are immediate-release (Ritalin) and the long-acting chewable tablet and long-acting orally disintegrating capsule (Quillichew ER and Cotempla XR-ODT) contain phenylalanine, which can be risky if you have an inherited condition known as phenylketonuria (PKU). Bupropion Bupropion is an antidepressant drug that works within the brain to improve mood and reduce symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal depression (SAD) which is a condition that occurs in the winter months of fall and winter. It is also used to help people stop smoking by reducing the craving for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. Bupropion has been proven to improve ADHD symptoms in adults in numerous studies. The fixed-effect RR pooled for improvement over the course of a week (using a clinically significant change of 30 percent or more on the CGI scale) is 1.14 (95 percent CI 0.95 to 1.37) and, for overall response, the corresponding percentage of improved subjects was 52 percent in the bupropion group, compared to 37% in the placebo group. Bupropion may cause serious and sometimes life-threatening interactions several different drugs, including sedatives antidepressants and some blood pressure drugs. It may also increase seizure risk for those with an history of seizures or high blood pressure. It is contraindicated in certain medical conditions, and women who are pregnant or nursing should not take it. Bupropion is a form of brand-name drugs Wellbutrin SR and Wellbutrin XL. It is also available in the form of Zyban, Budeprion SR. Aplenzin and Forfivo XL. It is also available in generic form. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic Antidepressants, or TCAs are a type of medications that work by affecting brain chemicals. They were among the earliest antidepressants created, and even though they are no longer considered a first-line treatment for depression they can still be effective for some patients suffering from other conditions. They work by preventing the reuptakes of dopamine as well as serotonin, thereby increasing their availability within neurons. They are also helpful in reducing the symptoms of other ailments, such as enuresis and pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia, the phantom the limb syndrome. TCAs can be prescribed as a single or in conjunction with stimulants, and can have a beneficial impact on symptoms of ADHD. They can reduce the severity of ADHD symptoms and decrease depression, anxiety, and impulsivity. In addition, they could help manage disorders like tics, which are repeated uncontrollable movements or sounds like throat clearing or blinking. TCAs can cause side effects, including dry mouth, sedation and constipation, and may increase the risk of heart issues. These drugs can interfere with other medications such as anticholinergics, and should not be taken by pregnant women. They can also be teratogenic for animals and may cross the placenta. If you are concerned consult your physician because there are newer antidepressants that have a lower side-effect profile. Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) SSRIs are antidepressants that hinder serotonin reuptake by neurons and increase the amount of available serotonin to signal. They also reduce anxiety and decrease impulsive behavior. They are utilized as an adhd medication since they can improve symptoms in some individuals and are effective along with other medications. SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline-paroxetine and citalopram. They exhibit linear pharmacokinetics and have a low clearance from your body, however they are extensively metabolized in the liver through CYP450 isoenzymes. This results in variable blood levels. These drugs can also be prescribed to treat other disorders like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder and the bulimia nervosa. The SSRIs fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline can help to reduce PTSD symptoms. They aren't effective in treating other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs can trigger an uncommon side effect that can cause sexual dysfunction. It is essential to discuss this with your doctor if are thinking about taking one of these medications. It is typical for people to to try several different types of ADHD medication before they can find the one that is most effective for them. Research and development of new medication is ongoing. It is important to tell your healthcare provider about all medications you take. Selective norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) If stimulant medications do not work for adults suffering from ADHD doctors prescribe an inhibitor of selective norepinephrine reuptake (SNRI). These medications increase the levels of two brain chemicals, serotonin and norepinephrine. They also improve mood and decrease depression and anxiety. The SNRIs are similar in their adverse effects as TCAs however, they are more secure. They are used to treat numerous ailments, including anxiety disorders and long-term pain, such as fibromyalgia or nerve pain. They are also sometimes used as an add-on treatment for depression. Examples of SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and Venlafaxine (Effexor). These medications inhibit the reabsorption of norepinephrine in the brain that is a normal reaction after neurotransmission. This results in a more than normal release of phasic. The increased levels of norepinephrine help increase concentration and mood. Although add adult medications I Am Psychiatry been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD, some doctors use them as an alternative to stimulants. They are most often taken orally as pills, but they can also be used as liquids or patches. The FDA approved a oral SNRI, called viloxazine or Qelbree to treat ADHD in adolescents and children in April 2021. It does not have a potential for abuse, so it is not classified as a controlled substance. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that affect the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. They are prescribed for depression and anxiety disorders but also aid in the management of ADHD symptoms. Numerous studies have demonstrated that SNRI medications, including venlafaxine and duloxetine, can dramatically reduce the score of different ADHD questionnaires. SNRIs may increase blood pressure or interact with other medications. Therefore, it is important to consult with a physician prior to taking these medications. Additionally, improperly discarded medications can cause harm to animals and humans, so it is important to follow the proper disposal guidelines. SSRIs or SNRIs are not been approved by the FDA for treating ADHD, but doctors may prescribe them off-label. They are safe and effective, as well as having less adverse effects than stimulants. Consult your doctor and discuss the symptoms of your child. SNRIs may increase the body's level of serotonin and norepinephrine, however they aren't suitable for all. For example pregnant women or breastfeeding should not use SNRIs as they may be passed into breast milk. People who suffer from liver or blood pressure issues should not be taking these drugs, either, because they could increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. Selective dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (DARPIs). Many people with ADHD find that medication helps improve their attention and focus. They may also experience reduced behavior that is impulsive. The medication is usually used with behavioral therapy and training to help people understand how to control their symptoms. It takes time to identify the appropriate dosage and medication for each individual. During this time, doctors will monitor the physical reactions of patients to find an equilibrium between side effects and benefits. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate, increase the activity of certain brain chemicals that control memory and attention. Although they are generally safe and effective for the majority of people, they can trigger serious side effects, such as reduced appetite and trouble sleeping. These side effects usually subside after a couple of days as your body gets used to the medication. Non-stimulant drugs are also available for children as well as adults. They can take longer to effect their effects, but they can improve concentration and impulse control. They could include alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (atomoxetine viloxazine, atomoxetine) and Guanfacine hydrochloride. Antidepressants can also be effective in treating ADHD. They can increase norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter in the brain that aids in mood swings and depression. Bupropion is a prime example of an antidepressant that has been used for ADHD. It was prescribed “off-label” but drug makers created extended-release versions, and the FDA approved its use as a treatment.